python

インストール

Dockerでのamazonlinux2イメージでのpythonインストール ```Dokerfile FROM amazonlinux:2 WORKDIR /root RUN yum install -y glibc-langpack-ja && yum clean all; \ yum update -y && yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools" && \ echo "alias ll='ls -la --color'" >> /root/.bashrc; ENV LANG=ja_JP.UTF-8 \ LANGUAGE=ja_JP:ja \ LC_ALL=ja_JP.UTF-8 \ TZ=Asia/Tokyo # install python ARG PYTHON_VERSION="3.9.14" RUN yum -y install wget gcc openssl-devel bzip2-devel libffi-devel xz-devel tk-devel && \ cd /tmp/ && \ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}.tgz && \ tar xzf Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}.tgz && \ cd Python-${PYTHON_VERSION} && \ ./configure --prefix=/opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/ --enable-optimizations --with-lto --with-computed-gotos --with-system-ffi && \ make -j "$(nproc)" && \ make altinstall && \ rm /tmp/Python-${PYTHON_VERSION}.tgz && \ PYTHON_VERSION_NUNBERS=(${PYTHON_VERSION//./ }) && \ PYTHON_MAJOR=${PYTHON_VERSION_NUNBERS[0]} && \ PYTHON_MINOR=${PYTHON_VERSION_NUNBERS[1]} && \ ln -s /opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/python${PYTHON_MAJOR}.${PYTHON_MINOR} /opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/python && \ ln -s /opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/python${PYTHON_MAJOR}.${PYTHON_MINOR} /opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/python${PYTHON_MAJOR} && \ ln -s /opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/pip${PYTHON_MAJOR}.${PYTHON_MINOR} /opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/pip && \ ln -s /opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/pip${PYTHON_MAJOR}.${PYTHON_MINOR} /opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/pip${PYTHON_MAJOR} && \ ln -s /opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/pydoc${PYTHON_MAJOR}.${PYTHON_MINOR} /opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/pydoc && \ ln -s /opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/idle${PYTHON_MAJOR}.${PYTHON_MINOR} /opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/idle && \ ln -s /opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/python${PYTHON_MAJOR}.${PYTHON_MINOR}-config /opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/python-config && \ echo "PATH=/opt/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/bin/:$PATH" >> /root/.bashrc && source /root/.bashrc && \ pip3 install boto3; ``` 
# linux、bashrcを使用する場合
git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
cd ~/.pyenv && src/configure && make -C src
echo 'export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'command -v pyenv >/dev/null || export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'eval "$(pyenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
exec "$SHELL"
pyenv install 任意のバージョン
pyenv global 任意のバージョン

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.9/Python-3.5.9.tar.xz
tar -Jxvf Python-3.5.9.tar.xz
Python-3.5.9/configure --prefix=/usr/local/python
make
make install
rm -rf /root/*
ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/python3.5 /usr/local/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/python/bin/pip3.5 /usr/local/bin/pip
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/python/bin" >> ~/.bashrc

環境系

# 仮想環境構築
python -m venv 仮想環境名

# 仮想環境実行
source 仮想環境名/bin/activate

# 仮想環境停止
deactivate

# 仮想環境削除
rm -rf 仮想環境名

sys.getsizeof(リストとか)

基本系

# %sは文字列埋込、%dは整数、浮動小数が%f
print('合計 %s 個です' % len(list))

# format形式
print('{} is {} years old'.format(s, i))

def double(n):
    return n * 3

lambda_ver = lambda n: n * 3 # doubleと同じ

print(double(3) == lambda_ver(3)) # Trueとなる

調査

import inspect
obj = "test"
for x in inspect.getmembers(obj):
    print(x)

obj.__dir__()

テスト系

# 全体テスト
coverage run -m unittest discover

# 個別テスト
python -m unittest -v tests/test_sample.py
coverage run -m unittest -v tests/test_sample.py

# 結果出力
coverage report -m sample.py
coverage html

import time
start = time.time()

# 処理の内容

end = time.time()
print(f"create_csvの処理時間: {end - start:.4f}秒") # .4f = 小数点下4桁まで表示

unittest

mock.assert_called()      #呼び出されたかどうかを確認
mock.assert_called_once() #呼び出されたか回数が１度だけかどうかを確認

デバッグ

よく使うライブラリ

import subprocess

subprocess.run(["ls", "-l"])
subprocess.run("ls -l", shell=True)

pip install pipreqs
pipreqs .  # 現在のディレクトリに requirements.txt を自動生成